Substitutions

This is a list of specific substitutions for several common and unusual herbs. Here are some guidelines: Rosemary can be safely used for any other herb. Rose for any flower. Frankincense or copal for any gum resin. Tobacco for any poisonous herb. Here are the substitutions.

Acacia
Acacia, Gum
Aconite
Arabic, Gum
Amoniac, Gum
Asafoetida
Balm of Gilead
Bdellium, Gum
Belladonna
Benzoin
Cachana
Camphor Oil
Carnation
Cassia
Castor Bean
Cedar
Cinquefoil
Citron
Clove
Clover
Copal
Cowbane
Cypress
Deerstongue
Dittany of Crete
Dragon's Blood
Eucalyptus
Euphorbium
Frankincense
Galangal
Grains of Paradise
Gum Ammoniac
Gum Bdellium
Hellebore
Hemlock
Hemp
Henbane
Hyssop
Ivy
Jasmine
Juniper
Lavender
Lemongrass
Lemon Peel
Lemon Verbena
Mace
Mandrake
Mastic, Gum
Mint
Mistletoe
Mugwort
Neroli Oil
Nightshade
Nutmeg
Oakmoss
Orange
Orange Flowers
Patchouly
Peppermint
Pepperwort
Pine
Pine Resin
Red Sandalwood
Rose
Rose Geranium
Rue
Saffron
Sandalwood
Sarsaparilla
Sassafras
Spearmint
Sulfur
Thyme
Tobacco
Tonka Bean
Trefoil
Valerian
Vanilla
Vetivert
Wolfsbane
Wood Aloe
Woodruff
Wormwood
Yarrow
Yew

Acacia--Gum Arabic
Acacia, Gum--Gum Arabic
Aconite--Tobacco
Arabic, Gum--Frankincense, Gum Mastic, Gum Tragacanth (for building wet ingredients, not for incense) Ammoniac, Gum--Asafoetida
Asafoetida--Tobacco, Valerian
Balm of Gilead--Rose buds, Gum Mastic
Bdellium, Gum--Copal, Pine resin, Dragon's Blood
Belladonna--Tobacco
Benzoin--Gum Arabic, Gum Mastic

Cachana--Angelica root
Camphor Oil--Eucalyptus oil, Lavender oil
Carnation--Rose petals anointed with a few drops Clove oil
Cassia--Cinnamon
Castor Bean--A few drops Castor oil
Cedar--Sandalwood
Cinquefoil--Clover, Trefoil
Citron--Equal parts Orange peel and Lemon peel
Clove--Mace, Nutmeg
Clover--Cinquefoil
Copal--Frankincense, Cedar
Cowbane--Tobacco
Cypress--Juniper, Pine needles

Deerstongue--Tonka bean (not for internal use), Woodruff, Vanilla
Dittany of Crete--Gum Mastic
Dragon's Blood--Equal parts Frankincense and Red Sandalwood
Eucalyptus Oil--Camphor oil, Lavender oil
Euphorbium--Tobacco
Frankincense--Copal, Pine resin
Galangal--Ginger root
Grains of Paradise--Black Pepper
Gum Ammoniac--Asafoetida
Gum Bdellium--Copal, Pine resin, Dragon's Blood
Hellebore--Tobacco, Nettle
Hemlock--Tobacco
Hemp--Nutmeg, Damiana, Star Anise, Bay
Henbane--Tobacco
Hyssop--Lavender
Ivy--Cinquefoil
Jasmine--Rose
Juniper--Pine
Lavender--Rose
Lemongrass--Lemon peel
Lemon Peel--Lemongrass
Lemon Verbena--Lemongrass, Lemon peel

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